Friday, September 23, 2011

Y's are U's and P's are R's but What is That Little Space Ship Thing? Days 7-14: L'vov/L'viv & Drogobych, Ukraine (Formerly Poland)

We arrived in L'viv around midnight. Crossing the border between Poland and the Ukraine took quite awhile. We wondered what they were checking for and wondered if illegal immigration was a problem. We later found out that folks are smuggling tobacco, alchohol and other goods from Ukraine to Poland.

When we got off the bus, we were on a dark street and feeling a bit uncomfortable. All signs are written in Ukrainian, which uses the Russian alphabet so we were completely unable to read any of them. We got a taxi and gave him the address of the hostel we needed to head to. I got a bad feeling from the cab driver and lo and behold, when we got out of the cab he asked for twenty dollars US, which is way too much. After a bit of finagling, we gave him close to fifteen US--still over twice as much as it should have. So much for a warm welcome. We've since learned our lesson to ask for a price ahead of time. We were hungry and asked our hostel receptionist for a place to eat that was local and not too expensive. She sent us to a place with no sign and you needed a passcode to enter--"Slav Ukraini." This is loosely translated as "honor to the Ukraine."

When we arrived at the restaurant, we knocked on a large wooden door and a small peephole opened. A man asked for the password. We replied "Slav Ukraini." He opened the door to reveal an AK-47 around his neck and poured three shots of honey vodka. We took the shots together and then he pointed us down the stairs into the basement of the stone building. It was surreal. Despite the intense "localness" of this restaurant, they had a menu in English and our friendly waitress also spoke English. We dined on a delicious meal of beef with goat cheese and potatoes, meat pierogi, and a chicken potpie type thing, all of which were truly delicious.

We went to bed and awoke to see the city of L'vov illuminated for our first time. As an Englishman whom we met in a grocery store once said, "L'vov is the most beautiful city you've never heard of." It also has a rich cultural history and significant relevance to my family.

My Dziadzu grew up in Mielic but, before his senior year of high school, his parents and older brother Edek moved to L'vov- his brother to start medical school and his father to find new employment after he lost his government post because he was Jewish, and to be closer to family. My Dziadzu lived with a friend and finished his senior year of high school. After finishing the year in 1937, my Dziadzu

was ready for University studies...the situation for Jews in Poland was quite miserable...to be accepted for medical studies in Poland in 1937...was near to impossible for Jews. There were five medical facilities in all of Poland, of these only four were accepting Jewish students...In an almost miraculous way...(they)obtained admission for Edek and then (my Dziadzu) to the medical school in L'vov...This, however, was a mixed blessing. On the one hand, (they) were the subjects of envy...because (they) had the "brilliant" perspective of finishing Polish medical school and practicing medicine in Poland. On the other hand, however, medical studies in Poland for Jewish students were a nightmare...(other students) requested that Jewish students sit seperately in a "bench ghetto" ...(they) refused to sit on seperate benchs and either did not attend lectures or stood during the lectures in the back of the auditorium. This provoked...acts of violence...As the result of such treatment, Edek got his head bruised and forearm broken. The most dangerous were exercises in anatomy because (aggressors) had dissecting scalpels that could be conveniently used against their Jewish classmates...(That year) a Jewish student of pharmacy was stabbed to death on (their) campus. Another student was killed...at the school of engineering...(My Dziadzu) remembers one classmate of (his), a handsome blonde boy who enjoyed frightening (them). (He) would stand with his scalpel in his right hand making gestures as if he were sharpening it on his left arm and would declare, "today we will slaughter some Yides." Being exposed to sharp weapons, (the Jewish students) decided to protect (themselves)...by wearing iron armor that covered all the chest and most of the abdomen...(They) had to conceal it under sweaters or jackets. (They) felt safer...but sitting in the warm auditorium was torture in itself. Another special chapter dealt with the supply of cadeavors. Even though there was not a shortage of cadeavors at (their) school, rules established that Jewish students could not dissect (non-Jewish) cadavors. This was pretty clever persecution, since the Jewish religion strongly forbids mutilating corpses...In order to obtain cadavors...(the Jewish medical students themselves) delivered the cadeavors (of deceased homeless Jews) to the department of anatomy.


Times were tough for Jews in L'vov; however, even with WWII ominously and silently looming, many of my relatives and many other Jews residing in L'vov didn't grasp the gravity of what was about to transpire. From my Dziadzu's memoirs:

The international situation was very tense...(but) we were looking to this war with great expectations. Now Poland was in alliance with Western democracies and the Polish government stopped its disgusting flirtation with the fascist regimes of Germany and Italy. We looked forward to the disappearance of the manifestations of anti-semitism. As for the outcome of the war, we had very little doubt that powerful England and France would prevail, and, having such allies, Poland could not lose. This was not only the opinion of my generation, the same opinions were voiced by the generation of our parents. Strange as it may be, in August they were still investing money in real estate. My aunt Adela...(bought) a house. My Uncle Nathan...bought a house....This was our happy moment at the beginning of the war.


As history has shown, things did not go well for Poland. The Russians marched in from the East and the Germans marched in from the West. It was the first occupied country in all of WWII. First the Germans pushed the Russians out, taking the whole of Poland with the intention of turning the entire country into a slave population. At the end of the war, the Russians pushed the Germans back and occupied Poland until the fall of the Soviet Union nearly 20 years later.

Even in the pre-war days and the beginning of the occupation, L'vov was a place of much hardship for my family. But, it still afforded my Dziadzu an opportunity that would prove invaluable for the rest of his life as well as mine.

In August 1940, (my Dziadzu) met Halina, (his) future wife on the principle promenade in L'viv. She came to L'viv to enroll in the school of medicine (where he was already in his third year of studies)...(They) started dating in September and in early January (they) became engaged. At that time, the sum of (their) ages was less than 40...When the Soviet-German war broke out, (they) wanted to get married as soon as possible...Because the conservative rabbi was killed, (they) were married by an orthodox rabbi. On October 15, (they) took the street car "permitted for Jews" to the rabbi's house and were married...certainly, this was not the wedding either of (them) dreamed of.


In addition to the haste wedding, the outbreak of the war and terrible failure of allied resistance to the Germans in Poland impacted all facets of my Dziadzu and Babcia's lives. Once budding young med students, they were now forced to cease their studies and move in with my Babcia's family in Drogobych, which we will visit later. After hiding for a bit in Drogobych, they fled for the big city of Warsaw, which we visited first, where they hoped to remain anonymous.

While in Drogobych and Warsaw, most of my Dziadzu's family remained in L'vov, including my great grandfather and father's namesake, Henryk Milgrom. L'vov grew to be an even more awful place for Jews. This is well documented and had particular peril for my relatives. While in Warsaw, my Dziadzu

obtained very sad news from L'viv. My (Dziadzu's) father died on November 27. He was rounded up with (his) mother in the L'vov ghetto and they were to be included in transport to an extermination camp. My (Dziadzu's) father had protecting documents, being employed as a doctor in the city health services, and the Ukrainian militia men told him repeatedly "you go home but your wife will remain." My (Dziadzu's) father refused. Apparently the militia men were impressed with his determination and his impeccable Ukrainian and they let them both go. A few days later, however, the Gestapo shot and wounded my (Dzidzu's) father on a street of the ghetto. He came home and died of a heart attack a few hours later with (my Dziadzu's) mother at his side...He was buried in a Jewish cemetery in L'vov.


Knowing of my relatives's significant history in L'vov, Amanda and I set out like sleuths of the past. We aimed to unearth the locations of the principle promenade where my Dziadzu and Babcia met, the medical school where they endured and studied for a few years before the war, the house of the rabbi where they were hastily married, and the gravesite where my great grandfather Henryk Milgrom is buried.

A contact at the hostel first pointed us to a Jewish restaurant where he thought we might be able to get some direction. We discussed our mission with our waitress. She pointed us to the State Archive. We decided we would head there the next day and ordered our food. Two hours later, our food still hadn't arrived...We ended up leaving and getting sushi, of all things. Just as in the States, sushi in the Ukraine is quite hip and quite expensive.



After our delicious dinner, Amanda and I decided we needed to be more frugal the following day. I purchased way too much saur kraut the previous time I made bigos. I offered to prepare more at the hostel that night to eat in the following days. One prepares bigos by simmering meats, various root vegetables and cabbage in saur kraut. I love it because it is meaty, the saur kraut is salty, and it causes one to have perfectly pungent toots. I'm pretty sure Amanda hates it for these same three reasons.

We had all the necessary ingredients except more meat, so we decided to purchase some. We ducked into a corner store which had a very small and limited selection. This region being the land of delicious sausages and meats, I was not at all satisfied. I tried to ask the ladies at the counter where we could find a store with a larger meat selection, but they spoke no English. I pointed towards the deli meats in the glass case and expanded my hands as if to say "bigger," and pointed out the door. One of the woman produced a massive slab of bologna, to which I hastily replied "nyet." She put the meat away. I attempted again to establish my intentions. I pointed to the meat, then around at the store, and expanded my hands. This time, the other woman produced a block of cheese that to transport would require a small truck, or at least a wheelbarrow. After a couple more similar interactions with various other oversized deli products, a kind citizen entered the store who also spoke English. He relayed my intentions to the ladies at which point we all had a deep belly laugh for at least 30 seconds. It was a bit awkward because it was funny, but not that funny. They pointed us in the direction of the next store and we were well on our way to creating bigos for the next day.

The day after our sushi and meat endeavors, Amanda and I set out to find the State Archive recommended to us by our otherwise useless waitress from the Jewsish restraunt and the medical school where my Dziadzu endured his first four years of education and my Babcia endured her first year of education. On the way to the archive, we passed through the main square, or principle promenade as my Dziadzu dubbed it. My Dziadzu and Babcia met there for the first time on a blind date nearly 75 years ago. I must admit this would be an ideal place to fall in love. The square is surrounded by historic buildings and on the northern side is a pictureque old opera house and fountain. There is a large statue of a man in the middle of the square. Amanda and I stopped to dine on some bigos underneath this statue (I fear Amanda is nearing her bigos limit). After a brief stop in the state archive where no one spoke English, we eventually learned a new word in Ukraine. Zaftra--tomorrow. The archive was closed today and we needed to return tomorrow. We continued on towards the medical school.









When we arrived, we found it to be much as my Dziadzu described. The buildings were very old and broken up by department, which were written in Latin on the top--histologia, anatomia, physiologia, etc. Being Sunday, the campus was nearly deserted save for two elderly women collecting nuts falling from the trees. All the doors were locked so we sat in the courtyard and imagined how the laboratories appeared when my Dziadzu and Babcia endured those first few years of school before the War, during the Russian occupation.









We returned to the square where my Dziadzu and Babcia met 75 years prior and had a cup of coffee and wrote in our journals. I looked around the picture perfect square and noticed people on top of the clock tower overlooking the city. At this point, my natural desire to view the surroundings from high vantage points kicked in. We needed to be there. We headed to the clocktower, entered, and began ascending. A little old lady caught up with us on the stairs and started screaming in Ukrainian. Apparently we "accidentally" neglected to pay. It cost about forty cents each. Oops. The view from the top was incredible. Once Polish, now Ukrainian, L'vov is perhaps the most gorgeous city I've laid eyes upon. It's unfortunate that so much beauty could be overtaken by so much ugly. With the sun setting, we decided to return to our hostel home.









Back at the hostel, we prepared for the next day's visit to the archive. We asked our receptionist, Bogdan, to translate this into Ukrainian:

1) My great-grandfather, Henryk Milgrom, died in L'vov on November 27, 1942 and was buried in the Jewish Cemetery. We are looking for his grave.

2) My Dziadzu and Babcia were married here in the house of the Orthodox rabbi on October 15, 1941. We are looking for the house of the Orthodox rabbi where they were married. Any information that you could provide for either of these would be very much appreciated.

We awoke and after a bread and jam breakfast, headed toward the state archive. Feeling smart, I handed the receptionist our translated paper. She read it and responded in Ukrainian. Now feeling dumb, we realized that they would understand what we were looking for, but we couldn't understand their response. There was a young man waiting for the receptionist behind us. I inquired if he spoke English. He said "a little," which actually turned out to be a lot.



The receptionist relayed through our voluntary translator, Ivan, that we were at the state archive, and needed to go to the national archive down the street. Altruistically, Ivan abandoned his plans for the day and walked us to the national archive. I presented the translated paper to the representative at the national archive. As he spoke to Ivan, I stared intently at him, watching each word form on his lips and come out of his mouth. Although I could understand none of what he said, hanging on his every incoherent word, I realized how profoundly I weighed the importance of finding my Dziadzu and Babcia's wedding site and my great grandfather's grave. When the representative was done speaking, Ivan informed us that the grave of my great grandfather would be impossible to find. Following Hitler's Final Solution, when, in 1942, he realized he might not win the war and decided to obliterate all Jews and their culture, the Nazis destroyed the Jewish cemetery in L'viv. Additionally, he said that without the surname of the rabbi who married my Dziadzu and Babcia, he would be unable to produce any information. He pointed us across town to the Jewish Cultural Center three miles away to try to obtain more information.

Ivan walked us the entire way. Studying for his TOEFL to pursue graduate studies in microbiology at Clemson, Ivan practiced his English and we had a very interesting conversation. Interestingly, along with many other folks we ran into, Ivan was fascinated with Native Americans. I guess there is nothing like this in Europe.



We arrived at the JCC and Ivan passed us off to our next altruistic translator, Lena. Lena led us to an office in the JCC, which was labeled "museum" but was only one room. The office/museum was full of old photos including a history of rabbis in L'viv. I thought this surely would yield the name we needed. We certainly found the rabbi whom my Dziadzu mentioned in his memoirs as the one they desired to wed them but who was martyred in a local prison. We also believed we found the rabbi who married my Dziadzu and Babcia. Lena agreed to meet us the next morning and accompany us to the archives with this information. She also showed us where to find the Jewish Cemetary destroyed by the Nazis where my great grandfather Henryk Milgrom was buried. Before heading to that cemetary, I shot a quick email to my family to confirm the name of the rabbi with my Babcia. We felt like we were well on our way to answers.

After a brief tram ride and walk, we arrived at the cemetary to find a ghastly scene. The cemetary was still functioning and in use but was poorly maintained. This description is generous. Rows of new graves were either above ground in cement or incredibly shallow. I suspected that the new graves were built directly on top of the old destroyed graves, a suspicion later confirmed nonverbally by a cemetary worker. Additionally, there were piles of raked leaves and garbage smoldering in choked out flames at the corner of each plot of gravestones. This gave the cemetary a spectre-like haze and a putrid smell. It was uncomfortable and saddening and in some way fitting. We walked through the graveyard for the better part of two hours and found no trace of remnants of the previous Jewish cemetary- only new gravestones, Christian, jewish and otherwise, with ornately etched, lifelike pictures of their inhabitants beneath. In such a poorly maintained graveyard, it was bizarre to see such lavish gravestones.








As we were leaving and just about ready to give up, I stopped and asked one of the men cleaning up and burning the trash and leaves if he knew of any memorials or monuments to the old Jewish cemetery. At first, he understood only the words monument and memorial, which he repeated with a curious look on his face. I added, "Hebreski," the new Ukrainian word for Jew, after Yide, or Zhid, was deemed anti-semetic. The gentleman somberly looked me in the face, with a serious and saddened look, and said, "old wall, holocauste?" I nodded yes. He signaled for us to follow him and led us around the exact part of the cemetery we had just explored; only, he was able to point out small things we didn't notice. He showed us the two crumbled and cracked headstones at the base of a tree that were only partially destroyed by the Nazi bulldozers. He showed us the old wall of the cemetery, which was fragmented and barely intact. He showed us two headstoneless tombs in the miles of graveyard that had somehow survived the pillaging. The entire hour and a half he led around, no more than three words were uttered--"old wall" and "grave." But somehow, we knew this man understood the importance of this to us. His air of sadness and introspection appropriately complimented the silence. I could tell he was in many ways ashamed of the state of the cemetery. As we departed, he pointed us to a small monument comemorating the destruction of the cemetery in 1942 and silently waved goodbye, disappearing into the spectre-like haze amidst the rows of graves. Amanda and I each placed a stone at the base of the monument in rememberance of my great-grandfather as well as all of those who lost the path of their heritage. It is ghastly and tragic how successful the Nazis were in eliminating Jews' ability to trace their heritage. This truth would be further enforced the next day.















The following morning, we awoke and reconvened with Lena, the nice lady from the JCC, at the national archive. I received an email from my family confirming the name of the martyred rabbi, but providing a different name for the rabbi who married my Dziadzu and Babcia. It was irrelevant. We presented the new information to the man at the archive whom we had met the previous day. In Ukrainian, he told Lena, "I looked for any information on rabbis from this area during that time after they left yesterday. All of those records were destroyed by the Nazis in 1942. Perhaps they were married at the Ydinrat." Lena explained that the Ydinrat was the center of the Jewish ghetto that served as their government and that many Jews were hurriedly married there during the occupation.

She led us a few blocks away to the heart of the old ghetto in the direction of the Ydinrat. Seventy years ago, my great grandfather was shot in the streets of this ghetto and my Dziadzu and Babcia were clandestinely married in an unknown building. Today, the ghetto is apartment buildings and the Ydinrat is a multi-lingual library. The apartment tenants and library-goers enjoy the balconies of these buildings--balconies where only seventy years prior the Nazis hung Jews who tried to escape the ghetto, displaying them like trophies.









After viewing the Ydinrat, Lena led us on a tour of the surrounding area and downtown L'vov. We talked casually and she told us that as a Jew, she feels no discomfort living in the Ukraine and recently married a Christian man. She showed us the Armenian section of town and patiently answered all of our questions. Amanda and I felt lucky to be so well-taken care of under the wing of an English and Ukranian speaker, even if the answers she gave us were not always the answers we had hoped for. At the end of our impromptu tour, we asked Lena for a photograph with us, as we said our goodbyes. She stopped a gentleman in the street and asked in Ukranian if he would take our picture. Ironically, the man looked puzzled and in perfect English replied, "I'm sorry I don't understand." Apparently, she had randomly stopped one of the only Westerners in the city. We all laughed. The man took our picture, and we went our separate ways.



Amanda and I headed back to the hostel and grabbed our giant backpacks. We boarded the most crowded, archaic tram I've ever been on and rode towards the central bus station to catch a bus to Drogobych, my Babcia's birth city and the next chapter of our journey.




DROGOBYCH

After we got off the oh so crowded tram-- imagine an NYC subway, at rush hour, only that subway is full of people not wearing deoderant who say nothing when they bump into each other, there is no A/C, and instead of a subway, it's a 1950s era soviet bus with no open windows. So, I guess it is nothing like an NYC subway. But it was crowded and uncomfortable. After that, we got out to try to find our bus to Drogobych. Remember now, that in the Ukraine, they use the Cyrillic alphabet. At our request, our buddy Bogdan wrote down Drogobych in Ukrainian so we could find our bus at the station. In Ukrainian, it looked like a rudimentary drawing of a space ship, "Д", pronounced "D", followed by a "p" pronounced "r", followed by an "o," then a "г" pronounced "h", another "o", then a thing that looks like a basic drawing of a cherry bomb, "б", that's a "b", a backwards "n" pronounced "y", and then a backwards "y" pronounced "ch". Дрогóбич = Drogobych (pronounced Dro-ho-bich (or bitch)). We matched the characters and found our bus.

The bus was super old, and the windows were so dirty that it looked like we were perpetually driving through a dust storm although the day was completely clear and we weren't yet moving. Amanda and I found seats easily, as the bus was not crowded when we boarded. Just a few seconds after we left, hordes of stragglers began flagging down the bus and joined on for the ride. Seats filled completely and Amanda and I placed our bags in the aisle. After a few more minutes, more stragglers chased down the bus and the aisle was totally full with our bags and standing riders. Were these people really going to stand the entire three hour trip to Дрогóбич? Yes, they were.

One of the standing stragglers was pushed right up in my face. She was clearly the diva of her small Ukrainian farming town. She wore glasses covered with rhinestones, a tightly fitting red designer shirt, and a pair of knock-off designer jeans that were about two sizes too small for her. It was not attractive. L'viv is probably about thirty years behind the States. As we left the L'viv city center, we progressed into the country and further into the past, fifty years, then seventy years, and finally one hundred years into the past. Apartments gave way to houses, houses gave way to fields, and cars gave way to horses. We saw farmers ploughing a field with a horse drawn carriage. I tried to take a picture, but the dust bowl windows afforded no view through the lens. The conditions of the road deteriorated. It was dirt and full of potholes. The bus bounced this way and that. The diva's buttocks, protruding towards my face, also did so. It looked like two dome shaped jello molds, wrapped in denim, and placed in a paint shaker. I pushed myself back into my seat to avoid the jiggling masses.

As we grew closer to Дрогóбич, we began to return to only sixty, then fifty, then thirty years in the past. We were dropped on the edge of town a bit before dusk. Having already prepared for language barriers, at our request Bogdan had translated a sheet of paper into Ukrainian that said, 1) can we camp here? 2) if not, do you know where we can camp? 3) if not, can you show us towards a cheap hotel?

I showed this paper to the first person we saw. He looked at the first two questions and shook his head no, then nodded yes to the third question. He then said something in Ukrainian that I assumed meant "do you speak" because the next word was "Ukrainski?" I shook no. He said, "Czechski?" I shook no. "Polski?" I shook no. "Ruski?" I shook no. Half expecting him to ask Greek, and then Swahili-- this man was clearly a language master--I took matters into my own hands and said, "Anglaski?" he shook no. I said "Espanol?" he shook no. We were at an impasse, and we decided to just walk to the hotel. He waved, come with me, and led us to the center of town.

On the way into the center we passed from the slummy-looking outskirts to the slightly passed its prime downtown. We passed a large old synagogue that was all smashed up. My Babcia attended this synagogue in her youth. You can see how once upon a time, not too long ago, this was a bustling little city. Today it is something of an unrestored afterthought. Paint from the walls is all but chipped off entirely, and graffiti litters otherwise picturesque old buildings.






Our multi-lingual leader led us to a cheap hotel. He didn't take the term lightly. Our room cost about $14 US per night. It had a small twin bed and a bathroom where I'm pretty sure they filmed the opening scene from the movie Trainspotting. It was a terrible bathroom that only received water for about three hours a day. When the water was on, the toilet ran, which was mildly pleasant because it sounded like having a fountain in our room, but mildly unpleasant because it rendered it useless at its primary function--namely, disposing of human waste. We decided that while in Дрогóбич we'd spend only our sleeping hours in that room. We went out in search of food and beer.

We ended up in a small pizza place called Drive. At Drive, a local witnessed our struggles with the menu, came over, and nicely offered to help. His name was Yuziy (pronounced Yuri). After he helped us order our delicious pizza, (cost $5 US) he sat down with us to shoot the breeze. I felt compelled to ask Yuziy the locations of the three places we intended to visit. 1) Ulice Miskiewicza, now Ulice Schevchanki, 2) the petroleum refinery, and 3) the Spitzel Hibrski, or Jewish hospital. But something held me back from asking him at first. I knew asking would give away the purpose of our journey and our heritage. My intuition told me he might not be welcoming. We shot the breeze for nearly an hour, discussing the time he'd spent in little Odessa, in New York City, and local and international politics. He told us about his profession as a woods salesman, and at our request, told us of various places to visit in the area--only one of which was remotely in Дрогóбич. He told us about the tragedy of the Holocaust, and he said "There are places around Дрогóбич that you canot walk because the ground is still, 70 years latr, soft with bodies." It reminded me of a passage from my Dziadzu's memiors.

The first major execution of the Jews in Drogobych occurred in the spring of 1942. The Germans took a few hundred old, non working and handicapped people. They shot them at the outskirts of Drogobych and buried them there. Among those killed st that time were my great aunt...and her husband...we still did not believe in total destruction...at that time...(but) the "Final Solution" was already made. Hitler started to feel he might lose the war and apparently did not want any Jews to outlive him. He put it in one of his speeches in the words "our enemies will stop laughing." The Final Solution began in Drogobych in the summer of 1942. The first wave involved about fifty percent of the Jewish population (in Drogobych)...we realized that we would not be able to survive the war in a "legal" way, and we started to plan for "illegal" survival."


This was when they fled for Warsaw.

Yuziy's description of the "still soft grounds" gave an erie life to the words of my Dziadzu. Yuziy described his disgust at the actions. His compassion made me feel a bit more comfortable. After speaking for an hour, I threw my inhibitions aside and decided to ask about our three goal destinations. I started with the two least telling locations, and he told us where we could find ul. Misciewicza and the petroleum refinery. I then asked "and do you know where we can find the old Jewish hosptal?"

I should never have doubted my intuition. He immediately blurted, "fucking Jews," then looked a bit embarrassed and said "sorry if either of you guys are, uh..." his voice trailed off. We made no response whatsoever. Neither Amanda nor I even flinched a muscle in our faces. He contemplated what to say, and then explained, "you see, the richest man in the Ukraine is a Jew, and he owns the rights to the bashed up synogogue in town but he never does shit with it." It was interesting to see. On one hand, he was clearly disgusted by the atrocities of the Holocaust, but on the other hand, he was clearly disgusted by his perceived wealth of Jews and their "stinginess."

After a few minutes more, we digressed into light, pleasant banter, and our conversation naturally came to a close. We thanked Yuyiy for his advice and cordially went our separate ways. Amanda and I went out on the main square for one more beer before bed. We were approached by a Russian who asked in nearly perfect English, or American as he insisted it was, "What are you doing here so far from home?" I told him "my Babcia was born and raised in this city and we came to see some places important to my family." He replied, "My name is Radamanov but Americans call me Rad because they can't pronounce my name." I responded, "well Radamanov," with perfect pronunciation, "I'm Jon and it's nice to meet you." He said, "Wow. You pronounced my name correctly. You must have family from here." We talked for a bit about the usual, but he said one thing that Amanda and I found particularly provocative. "America does whatever it wants, and because of that, other countries hate you but secretly want to be you...you know what they call the American soldiers in Iraq in Russia? Oil makers." It made me feel a bit ashamed like a spoiled child with jealous peers. Radamanov and his friends left in search of another bar and Amanda and I headed back to the terrible room to share the twin bed and rest our brains.

The next morning we awoke and headed out for breakfast. I realized, as we tried to translate signs and find a cafe, that my brain was exhausted. It made me think of children and how quickly they tire and need rest. When learning a new alphabet, reading any word is like decoding an encrypted message. It really takes its toll.

After dining, we set out in search of a map to track down our three locations. Дрогóбич is by no means a tourist town and tracking down a map proved harder than we would have thought. We knew the words for map of Дрогóбич--karta Drobobycha--but when we asked, no one seemed to know where to find one. After asking probably a dozen people, a policeman pointed us in the direction of a bookshop on the other side of the square.

Today was no ordinary day in Дрогóбич. Today was the Day of Дрогóбич, a multi-century tradition celebrating the birthday of the city. As we walked to the bookstore, we passed booths of people in traditional garb roasting pigs and cooking large vats of soup. We passed cotton candy makers and other more main stream festival booths--a beer garden, a guess your weight booth, etc.






We arrived at the bookstore and triumphantly requested "karta Drogobycha." Our accents clearly gave away our foreign origin and everyone in the store turned to see who we were. The nice attendant presented us with the map and we asked her to help us find the three places. This is when, through a show of overwhelming generosity and altruism, all hell broke loose. Immediately, there were three other customers and another colleague of the bookstore worker all trying to give us advice in Ukrainian, or calling people who spoke English and handing us cell phones. It was incredibly endearing, but for at least fifty minutes, totally useless. It reminded me of the old cliche, too many cooks in the kitchen. After spending sixty minutes on what should have taken five, we were on our way with our destinations mapped.

Our first stop was the Jewish hospital my Dziadzu and great grandfather worked at. It was a beautiful but archaic building. Inside, two doctors who spoke little English stopped to talk with us (imagine getting that kind of attention in the States. Sorry to all you U.S. docs and med students reading this but seriously...) We communicated with them by writing words and numbers on a pad of paper. We discovered that the hospital was built in the late 1800s and was certainly where my great grandfather, and briefly my Dziadzu, worked.






Feeling successful, we headed back to the downtown area where we found my Babcia's birth place and childhood home on Ulice Mizkiewicza. I felt a child-like sense of joy being there and imagined little Halina Miszel wandering the sidewalks and playing in the parks. I grinned from ear to ear and took pictures until Amanda correctly pointed out I had taken pictures from every angle at least twice.






It was now dusk and we wanted to find the petroleum factory. During the German occupation, many Jews sought refuge working in factories and, in fact, instead of receiving wages, often paid employers for safe haven during the daytime hours while working. Such was the case in Schindler's factory, made famous by Spielberg's movie Schindler's List, where no Jews received wages. My Dziadzu decided that working in the Jewish hospital was too dangerous and sought refuge working at a petroleum factory. Unfortunately, the refinery was in a shady part of town and visiting wasn't in the cards.

We ducked into a local pub on my Babcia's street to celebrate the day's successes. The pub was packed with 14 and 15-year-olds celebrating the Day of Дрогóбич. Apparently the drinking age is 14 in the Ukraine. It was a truly bizarre scene. A 14 year old girl, who spoke broken English, took an interest in me. I introduced her to Amanda and she coyly receded into the crowd of youth. She later returned with a balloon she gifted to Amanda and, like that, they made friends.

After finishing our beers, we decided to go to Restauracja Zalissya, the one place our mildly anti-semetic friend Yuziy recommended. Unfortunately, it turned out to be only remotely in Дрогóбич. We asked for directions and were told to walk one way down a street. Seemed simple enough. We started down the street watching a beautiful sunset over the small country town. We walked and walked and walked, passing many pedestrians on the way. Each time we'd ask, "Restauracja Zalissya?" They would respond with what sounded to us like "priamo" and pointed the direction we were walking. We inferred correctly that "priamo" means straight. What we were unable to grasp, and what in hindsight I think many of them were trying to communicate, was that it was four miles "priamo."

After walking for nearly two hours, surrounded by fields, we feared we were in the middle of nowhere, because we were. Then we noticed red Christmas lights on a building all by itself on the side of the road in the distance. Fortunately, we'd found Restaurajca Zalissya. Unfortunately, when we arrived, there were no free tables and none of the staff spoke English. A nice looking couple appeared to be finishing their dessert and we attempted to ask the host if we could have their table when they were done. The host said something we inferred meant probably. Maybe it did, but moments later it was clear he hadn't understood what we asked. He grabbed two menus and led us to sit with the nice looking couple enjoying their date.

Jura and Masha turned out to be some of the greatest people we've ever met. We're now Facebook friends. They took us in at their table and in English they were embarrassed of but was truly quite good, told us a bit about themselves. Then, when they realized we couldn't read the menu, they offered to order for us. We were happy to oblige and this delighted them quite thoroughly. They told us that after dessert they were headed down to the Day of Дрогóбич festivities in the town square and asked if we'd like a ride. Once again, we were happy to oblige. After dinner, back in Дрогóбич, we took a picture together and Jura and Masha drove off. They had to work the next day and lived in Sambir, a small town a little ways up the road.


Amanda and I enjoyed the night time Day of Дрогóбич festivities, complete with a Ukrainian rock band. Everyone in the crowd seemed to know all the words to this band's songs. We couldn't understand the songs, so we filled them in with the words from U.S. rock bands. We danced and sang Greenday and Fastball while the rest of the crowd sang in Ukrainian. It was the quintessential end to a perfectly bizarre Ukrainian evening. Happy Day of Дрогóбич everyone!!






Sunday, September 18, 2011

Lublin, Poland--"You's my bitch" (Days 5 & 6)

Amanda: The next day, we visited the Warsaw Uprising Museum, a museum devoted to the uprising and paying tribute to the people of Poland and their courage, or at least it seemed that way to me. The museum was very educational, presenting bios of various figures in the Uprising and describing all facets of life during that time, before and after the war.

Jon combed the museum for mention of anything his grandfather was part of. This included the fireman's brigade, which his grandfather joined during the Uprising, helping people escape from fires which occurred from the heavy bombing and artillery. Throughout the whole of the museum, we could find only two small plaques/information signs relating to his grandfather--one on the role of the fireman, and one on the Jews. I was shocked at the tiny mention of the Jews. Perhaps the focus of the museum was supposed to be on Poles in general. It was not supposed to be insulting, but I still found it to be so. The Jews endured additional persecution and difficulties. Enough to merit at least a whole section of the museum. Additionally, no one at the museum spoke English, although we asked numerous museum workers.













But I did enjoy the museum. In my American education, we learned hardly anything about Poland and its role in WWII. The museum helped me to understand the facts and geography of Poland in the war. It really had the unfortunate and sad role of being in the wrong place at the wrong time--stuck between two super powers, Germany and the Soviet Union.

After the museum we took the free (?) tram over to Praga, the old part of the city, the only part that survived the war. We visited the old military hospital where Jon's Great Uncle worked. Then back to the city center to catch our bus to Lublin.






Our bus from Warsaw to Lublin was hilarious and miserable. Jon and I were the first people to arrive at the 15 passenger van, but we needed to take care of some last minute errands (buying more rechargeable batteries, restroom, food, etc.). I chose our seats on the van, putting our stuff down in the back. When we arrived back before it was ready to depart, we found it packed and we had the two worst seats in the overcrowded, overheated bus. We kept laughing about how I had chosen it.

Jon: Instensly hungry, (I now have a predispostion against saying the word famished) I ran to get some kebabs while Amanda chose seats on the bus. I returned moments before the bus left with two delicious kebabs only to learn that food on the bus was strictly verbotten. We scarfed as much kebab as possible, getting more on our shirts than in on our bellies. Crammed in the back of an overloaded, overheated fifteen passenger van, I sweated myself to sleep. I awoke a bit later and contorted my body into a yogi-like pretzel to better accomodate our tiny seats. The woman in front of me looked back at me with eyes of the devil as my knees impressed the back of her seat. This bus was not designed for people my size. Three hours later, we were in Lublin. It was 9:30 pm and dark. The bus dropped us on the side of a dark road. Armed with our address to the campground, we felt like finding our way there couldn't be too difficult. Not so.

A local drunk immediately took a liking to Amanda. I continuously positioned myself between the drunk and Amanda and he continuously tried to stumble around to the other side. In this way, the three of us engaged in a bizarre dance in which we were all constantly orbiting around each other. I dare say this dance lasted the better part of an hour, as he ignored our requests to leave. It was benign, but mildly annoying. He kept offering us a ride in his car, clearly a bad idea. While dancing with the drunk, we also encountered three twenty-something year old girls who proved to be a godsend. They helped us to find the public bus we needed, but also advised that it might be better to take a taxi-especially with the town drunk in tow. One of the girls called a taxi for us and the drunk, Amanda, and I continued our three way dance until the cab arrived.

When the cab arrived, the drunk tried to enter with us but the driver understood our frantic motions to get him away and locked the doors, speeding away without him. En route to our campsite, we bought the kebabs that had eluded us earlier in the night. These kebabs were so massive that they would double as breakfast in the morning. Score another for Amanda and Jon. The taxi took us to the campground where with only mild difficulty, we established our intention to camp rather than rent a cabin. The campsite was seven dollars US.

Lublin was the center of the communist government that the USSR set up in post-World War II Poland. All doctors and medical students who wished to practice medicine or continue schooling were forced to enlist in the Red Army. My great-uncle was already a doctor and began practicing for the Red Army. My Dziadzu and Babcia had met part way through medical school in L'viv, our next stop, but were forced to cease studies during the war. My Dziadzu moved to Lublin where "for the first time in 5 or 6 years (he)took a bath in a tub filled with warm water." He enrolled in the military medical school. My Babcia was enrolled in the medical school as well but was denied admission into the military because she was pregnant with my father. "The optimistic young couple that (they) were, overwhelmed with the exciting feeling of freedom, (they) decided to have a child. This decision was made at a time when (their) belongings and income were zero, but (they) hoped...(they) would manage quite well."



The next day Amanda and I woke up after a wonderfully peaceful rest in our new campsite. My Babcia instructed us that it would be easy to find the medical school because there would be only one in Lublin. We headed into town in the morning and got a cup of coffee in the town square. The setting was truly idealic, with cobblestone streets, outdoor beer gardens, and a beautiful day. I suspect I will never have a cup of coffee as satisfying.





Sufficiently caffinated, we continued our pursuit of the medical school. Our waiter instructed us that there was indeed one medical school in Lublin, and we walked there. We arrived to find a nearly brand new medical campus--certainly not the one my Dziadzu attended sixty years prior. With some difficulty, we conveyed to the receptionist what we were looking for and she instructed us to the other end of town to the old medical campus--"stare unywersytet medycyny."

On our way out of the new campus, I was excited to see the name of the street the new school was built on, Ulize Ludwiga Hirszfelda--Ludwig Hirszfeld street. Later in my Dziadzu's time in Poland, Ludwig Hirszfeld was his mentor. My Dziadzu was his protegee, and together they published many studies. Under Stalin, the communist regime supressed teaching Mendelian genetics, which were widely supported by my Dziadzu and Hirszfeld's scientific findings. This scientific stifling was one of many factors eventually leading to my family's exodus from Poland. It was astonishing that, fifty years later, their science was not only widely accepted but that the street where the Lublin medical school was built was named in their tribute.



Amanda: Jon was ecstatic, and said his Babcia would be proud to hear about the street and see the pictures we took. Jon has been taking tons of pictures, documenting the places, buildings and street names that are relavent to when his grandparents were here. After finding the street, we stopped for a celebratory beer at a tiny bar in a basement around the corner from the medical campus. Professional volleyball was on the tube and we watched Poland beat the Czech Republic. After finishing our beers, we crossed back over to the other side of the city and visited the old medical school, but it was closed. We walked back to the city center, down a long plaza street. It had no cars, many restaurants and many ice cream stands. As we passed each ice cream stand, Jon looked longingly into the coolers of frozen delights (his words, not mine.)

Earlier I bought a huge container of raspberries from a street vendor, probably two and a half pints for around 30 cents. They were absolutely delicious--small and extremely juicy. We ate them as we walked. They provoked conversation between Jon and I about how in America, everyone is so concerned with the appearance of things, to the point where substance becomes less important. This includes taste. These were some of the best, sweetest raspberries we had ever tasted but because they easily squished and were small, they would probably not be sold in The States. At camp that night, Jon prepared a traditional Polish dish called bigosz. Although it wasn`t my favorite, it was nice of him to prepare it for me. He claimed his babcia`s was much better.

The next morning we broke camp, showered and headed into old town Lublin with our full packs. We revisited the medical school and after waiting for 45 minutes, Jon spoke with an English-speaking representative from the school. She confirmed this was the campus his Dziadzu had attended and, in broken English, pointed him toward a place called the "teatrnn" to find more information and perhaps photographs from his family's time in Lublin.

Jon: The teatrnn was located in a castle-like building in old town Lublin. I really had no idea what this building was. I only had the address provided by the medical school rep. I buzzed the door (who knew castles had buzzers) and was let in to a room with a few people working on computers. I explained what I was looking for and in strained English one of the individuals said, "you come with me." I was quite uncomfortable, but figured I had already come this far. He led me up many flights of stairs to what seemed like the attic of the castle. The castle attic-office contained twenty computers and seemed highly anachronistic, but who am I to say? They took my familial information and my email address and said they would be in touch. At which point I asked "what is the teatrnn?" They explained it was the archives and cultural center for the town of Lublin. It was weird and cool.



Amanda: While Jon was at teatrnn, I stopped to use the internet. We reconvened and headed toward the bus station. We had to walk through a busy bizarre-like area. It's interesting in Poland, the people are constantly bumping into each other without acknowledging this ever happened. There is no "sorry" or "excuse me," which is departed from what I am accustomed to in America. I guess I will have to get used to this, but writing this a few days later I can attest to the fact that I still haven't.

In the bizarre, we passed a stand selling pretty colored scarves. Jon pointed them out, telling me he wanted to buy me one. I smiled. He is so cute. He narrowed it down to two and surprise, I chose to the purple one. It is beautiful, and certainly improves my otherwise tenuous looks, dressing up my drab colored garb- the same I've been wearing since we left New York. In my defense, however, Jon has worn the same outfit as well. I have changed underwear everyday, although I can't say the same for him.

Jon: Boarding the bus was uneventful barring one interaction. Buses were unlabeled so we wanted to find other folks going to L'viv. We asked many folks, "L'viv?" to no avail. Nearly every bus had left and ours was running at least thirty minutes late. We finally found some ladies who nodded "yes" when we asked "L'viv" and then they angrily said something after that sounded to me like "you's my bitch." I was taken aback at first but inferred this probably meant something like "it's fucking late." I repeated back "you's my bitch," which delighted the women quite thoroughly, but slightly mortified Amanda. In this way, I made friends. The bus arrived and we were on our way from Lublin, Poland to L`viv, Ukraine (also spelled L`vov).

Saturday, September 17, 2011

Day 2, 3, & 4

*A short preface:

Sorry to all of you who may have been awaiting an updated post (Amanda and I like to imagine that our followers are numerous, although we know this is probably untrue). In truth, we have been writing in journals the past couple of days while I`ve been deliberating the level of candor with which to share my grandparent`s (my dziadzu and babcia`s) story. After much deliberation, I`ve decided to use nearly full disclosure as a tribute to a great generation that shrinks in ranks daily, and to reflect the tremendous pride I have for the perseverance, strength, and love of my ancestors. If anyone, especially members of my family, are offended, please let us know. Otherwise, we will do our best to convey the facts to you as they have been presented to us via conversations ad nauseum with my dad and my babcia and via my dziadzu`s memoires.
(Additionaly, sorry about the backwards apostrophies. They are the only apostrophies available on this Ukrainian keyboard).

After finishing my previous blogpost, I introduced myself to the man at the front desk. His name was Tomek. He looked extraordinarily similar to my cousin Alex. I suppose this is proof that we really must be Polish. I informed Tomek of the situation with my bed. He told me to use a different one. I returned to the bunk room and found to find Amanda still soundly sleeping and went to sleep in a new bed for a couple of hours.

When I awoke Amanda and I compiled a list of places to visit in Warsaw from my dziadzu`s memoires. Our list consisted of Polna St., Wilca St, Kruzca St, cmentarsz Zydowski (a Jewish cemetary on Okopowa St.), Praski Spitzal (an old hospital in Praga), the ghetto demarkation line, and the proletariat section of Praga. The cultural relevance of each of these places will become apparent shortly. We took our list down to our new friend Tomek and explained our purpose for visiting Poland.

I assumed he would be thrilled to help. I was wrong. Although he did help us to locate each location on a map, he seemed dispassionate about our journey. Perhaps it is difficult to be proud of your country and have the only visitors coming to remember its atrocious past. Perhaps he was latently anti-semetic. Perhaps he was just lazy and didn`t feel like working or was having a bad day. I can only speculate. Maybe I should ask my cousin Alex, his doppleganger, for insight. In addition to locating each of these places, Tomek was also able to recommend to us a "Jewish" restraunt he told us was on the top of a building and circled its location on the map.

The first area of Warsaw my dziadzu mentioned in his memoires was Praga. On November 11th, 1942, in already war torn Poland, my dziadzu and babcia fled my babcia`s home town of Drohobycz for Warsaw. At this time, Jews were either herded into Ghettos, labor camps or concentration camps, or lived in hiding with fake papers. My dziadzu and babcia acquired fake papers and headed for Warsaw, the big city, where they hoped to remain anonymous.

After arriving in Warsaw, they rented a room in Praga, an area that survived the war and one that Amanda and I visited on both days 1 and 2. Unfortunately my dziadzu and babcia`s happiness was shortlived at their new locale. From my dziadzu`s memoirs:

This idyllic life lasted only a few days...On the evening of the 10th day...2 uniformed Polish Policemen entered our room. They knew we were Jewish...the people who sold us fake papers took additional income by giving our names to their police accomplices


My dziadzu and babcia paid off the blackmailers but knew they would have to leave that apartment. It is interesting to note that the Poles and the Ukrainians were also persecuting the Jews. My dziadzu and babcia rented another apartmnet in Praga and only a few days later they were met with the same fate. This time

the blackmailers took whatever wardrobe they wanted, some gold coins...(and) ordered us to give them our...wedding rings...I told them "give me any possibility of communicating with you. If we survive...I will pay whatever you ask for my wife`s ring." Unexpectedly...they handed the ring back to me...Apparently, they had some residual human feelings


Walking around Praga today it is hard to imagine such atrocities. The streets are picturesque and there are two gorgeous churches. The people we encountered were all friendly and helpful and were patient communicating with us despite our significant language barrier. These are very different times.

After their second blackmailing in only a couple weeks in Warsaw, my dziadzu received word from my great great uncle Maxymilian Zirler that his father, both aunts, and both his cousins had died at the hands of Ukrainian militia men and the Nazis. At this point my dziadzu`s brother, his mother and two uncles were the only remaining members of his family. This however, was astonishing compared to the toll the war had reaped on other lineages.

My dziadzu and babcia moved again and were blackmailed again. After 3 blackmailings in under a month, my dziadzu and babcia connected with a family from Drohobycz and moved into the apartment of a clergymen living in the residence of the bishop. Within a week the Gestapo arrived at the apartment. Somehow, they were able to talk and bribe their way out of his captivity but had to move once again. My great great uncle Nathan was not so lucky. My dziadzu received word he had died at the hands of the Gestapo.

The next area mentioned in my dziadzu`s memoirs was Polna St. Amanda and I were relieved to find that Polna St. was only a short walk from our hostel and would be our first stop of the day. On our way to Polna St. we stopped into a starbucks where the barista spoke to us first in Polish and then in English with a Polish/Scottish accent. We found out she had studied in Glasgow. It was funny to hear but her English was quite impressive. The coffee cost nearly as much as our hostel.

Now well caffeinated, we continued toward Polna St. and passed Mokotow Fields. My dziadzu mentioned being able to see the fields from the window of their hideout on Polna St. Although, he also mentioned that they rarely dare look out the window for fear of being noticed. Amanda and I decided to try to get an elevated picture of the fields to simulate what it might have looked like out the window of their room on the 5th story. We stood on a park bench and I lifted Amanda as high as I could into the air. This did not produce the intended result as we simply got a close up picture of the trees in front of us. With passersby giving us looks of ridicule, we unsuccessfully attempted to take this picture two or three more times. We decided to try something else.







We went to the closest tall building which happened to be the Warsaw Polytechnic University. We entered and climbed two flights of stairs to the third floor before finding the stairway to higher levels inaccessable. Every window in the building overlooking Mokotow fields was located in an office. We went down the third floor hall knocking on and trying to open each door. After walking the length of the hall finding only locked doors, we were finally successful on the last door in the hall. We opened the door to find a startled Polish man hard at work. He looked up at us with a face that screamed "who the fuck are you and why are you in my office?"







At this point, I was hoping only two things- 1) that this man spoke english and 2) that he would allow us to explain what we were doing there before calling security, or worse, the police. The gentleman was exceedingly nice and allowed us to take the photo out of his window. In my best Polish I said "ginkoya" which is Polish for thanks. Amanda echoed by saying "ginkuppa, or something like that" and giggled. It was pricelessly cute. Someday she will learn to say that word. Feeling emboldened by our success we continued on our search for Polna St. a few short blocks away.







After 4 blackmailings in Praga my dziadzu and babcia, along with the family they had joined up with, found residence on Polna St. in the back room of an apartment belonging to a middle class couple. The couple made it clear that they were hiding these people not out of altruism but for money and suggested that if the money stopped coming in they would be thrown out. Nonetheless, they remained true to their word and my dziadzu and babcia along with the family of four and then three lived in the room from June 1943 until August of 1944. During this 14 month period, they left the room only a few times- once when the father of the family contracted a severe ear infection from which he eventually perished, once when my babcia contracted rheumatic fever, and once when my dziadzy desperately needed a dentist.

In our quest for Polna St. Amanda and I found asking folks, most of whom didn`t speak English "Polna?" and then pointing in various directions as if to say "which way?" When we found the street I immediately felt a sense of joy at our discovery which was almost immediately overcome by contemplation and introspection. The buildings remain intact and appear as I imagine they would`ve many years ago. There is a high school on the block and kids were outside- a young couple kissing, others playing soccer in the yard. What a phenomenal gift a peaceful life is.












The next are mentioned in my dziadzu`s memoirs was Wilca St. Amanda and I left Polna St. en route to zydowski cemetary but we took a wrong turn and fortuitously found ourselves on Wilcza St.







In August of 1944, the Warsaw Uprising broke out. Polish nationals knew the Russians were defeating the Nazis on the eastern front and wanted to establish a presence of their own in Warsaw before being overtaken by the Russians. The city received heavy artillery fire from the Germans and my dziadzu and babcia were forced to evacuate their hideout on Polna St. They moved in with some friends on Wilca st who were fighting with the Home Army for Polish liberation. As my dziadzu said:

At this time neither Halina nor I were scared of bullets. For several years our fear was concentrated on Gestapo and extermination camps. We did not believe that anything else could harm us


He went to enlist in the Home Army. Once again, he was met with anti-semitism. Upon his telling the army officer he desired to enlist, the officer responded "you have to prove to me that you did not exert any activity to harm the Polish nation." My dziadzu explained that as a Jew he had been in hiding and had good friends in the Home Army who put him in touch with this recruiter. The recruiter replied "since Jews are to Poles like dogs, you should be put against the wall and shot." He then reached for his sidearm. At that moment, the person from Wilcza St., whom my dziadzu and babcia were living with and who had put my dziadzu in touch with this recruiter, arrived, saving my dziadzu`s life. Many Jews were executed by the home army- an atrocity conveniently ommitted from the Warsaw Uprising Museum Amanda and I visited later on.

Because of his connections, my dziadzu was eventually allowed into a unit "safe for Jews" and served as a firefighter. His medical training certainly came in handy in this outfit. My dziadzu said that the perils in the uprising were his best times during the war.

The uprising seemingly would`ve been a success. However, the Russians, wanting control of Poland after the war, stopped their advance just short of Warsaw. They allowed the Germans and the Poles to decimate each other. In this manner the uprising was eventually put down and the Home Army capitulated. Warsaw was decimated and all residents of the town were put into cattle cars headed for labor camps and concentration camps. Only then did the Russian Army resume their advance to the town they easily could`ve saved.

Aboard the cattle cars, my dziadzu and babcia contemplated jumping out of the 9ft high window while the train was moving but decided the train was moving too fast. By a stroke of luck, the train temporarily stopped. They jumped down 9ft into a ditch and began running across a field with gunfire resonating behind them. Fortunately neither were hit. After running for a bit they found themselves in the small village of Koniecpol. We will revisit this portion of their toil later on. This was November of 1944.

After 2 more months on the run, on January 16th, 1945, the area of Poland my dziadzu and babcia were in was "liberated" by the Russians. My dziadzu and babcia were safe and ecstatic but my dziadzu noted that his was not the case for many of his countrymen.

The mood among the Polish population was rather somber. Most people wanted to be liberated by the Polish Home Army or otherwise by their western allies and were less than happy to see the soviet liberators.


Walking freely for the first time in five years, my dzidzu ran into an elderly woman on the streets. He overheard her say "the russians are in...and the Jews have already overtaken the city."

Although things were infinitely better with the Nazi`s defeated my dziadzu and babcia still faced a perilous journey. They returned to Warsaw to pick up the peices of their fragmented lives. My dziadzu found his mother, aunt, brother and sister in law all miraculously still alive. He then inquired about my great uncle Max Zirler. He had been executed by the Ukrainians during the uprising. Like Max, nearly all the rest of his family had perished. After 500 years of ancestry in the same locale, the Milgroms had been mowed down to only a few survivors- all of whom left Poland in the years subsequent the war.

My great great aunt had knowledge of where my great great uncle Max had been buried with others in a shallow grave. From my dziadzu`s memoirs:

We bought a simple coffin and...rented a cart...(we) pushed the cart 2 miles to where my uncle was buried. We opened the shallow grave and transfered the remains, which were barely decomposed, to the coffin. This was quite shocking for all of us even though we were hardened by the atrocities and tragedies we witnessed during the war. We pushed the cart a few miles to the Jewish cemetary which was only partially destroyed. We found an empty grave... and took the liberty of placing my uncles remains in the grave...Years later, I returned to put a tombstone on the grave.


When I decided to visit Poland and retrace my dziadzu and babcia`s path, I asked my babcia (my Dziadzu passed away 5 years ago) for any contact info she might have of friends or family in the area. At first she could think of no one. After a couple of weeks she produced two names- only one of which she had known before the war. Despite my attempts I was unable to reconnect with her. After 500 years of my families inhabitance, the only trace of our existence here is this grave and the tombstone of Max Zirler. Amanda and I aimed to visit his final resting site after Wilcza St.

From Wilcza St. We traveled across Warsaw via Free (?) tram and arrived at the cemetery. The gate was closed and we at first grew fearful that the cemetary was closed. Upon closer inspection we realized there was a small door within the gate that opened quite easily. We found the individual managing the cemetary and inquired about my great great uncle`s grave. The gentleman looked up the information on a computer and pointed us precisely to the spot we needed to go. We visited his grave site placing stones on his tombstone and sat at length in silence.




















In the same cemetary there is a mass grave of hundreds, maybe thousands, of unidentified Jews who perished in the holocaust. I can`t help but wonder if some of my other ancestors found their final resting place there. Amanda and I spent nearly two hours between the mass grave and my my great great uncle`s grave in near silence. How many lineages were ended in this terrible tragedy? How lucky am I to be here?


















Amanda: The most touching place that we visited, for me, was the Jewish Cemetery. Buried in this cemetery are those who were massacred in the Warsaw Uprising. We pushed through a heavy, wrought iron gate and entered a dark forest with old graves leaning against each other. It looked almost as though they were piled against each other; it looked almost comforting for the dead to be so close to one another. It was unlike any cemetery I have seen. The sun filtered through the trees and cast deep shadows on the graves. We spoke with the gravedigger, who pointed us in the direction of Jon's great uncle's grave. The walk led us past the mass grave, a sudden break in the gravestones. It is a field of green grass and weeds, about the size of a small house, surrounded by large stones with a black, horizontal stripe on them. At the edge of the circle is a large stone with Hebrew written on it, and a black box in front holding up a number of small white candles. On top of the gravestones were many small stones. Jon and I each placed a stone on top. I felt an immense loss in this place where the trees hid most of the sun from view. I, who rarely feel strong emotion from a new place, was moved to tears and glad I was wearing sunglasses. Maybe I shouldn't have cared. But it felt private,a sorrow that I wanted to feel alone, and for a few minutes Jon and I parted and stood by ourselves. After, we found his great uncle's grave. A single star of David rested above his name and dates. The tombstone was tall and gray, and over the site lay another gray stone. Over the years dirt and leaves had landed on the tomb. Jon leaned over and with the edge of our map gently brushed the debris to the ground. We each placed a small stone on top of the grave.

Jon: After the cemetary Amanda and I were intensely hungry. We headed to the "Jewish" restraunt Tomek had recommended earlier. From Tomek we had surmised that this was a rooftop restraunt. This was not the case. After walking around blindly trying to explain to folks "restraucja" and then pointing towards the tops of buildings, Amanda wisely took out the map Tomek had drawn on for us and showed it to an individual. The location was clearly marked and the nice lady led us straight there. As it turned out, the "Jewish restraunt" was on the ground. Further, as far as Amanda and I could tell, the only thing that would even remotely indicate the Jewishness of this restraunt was that it was excessively expensive. I suppose some stereotypes die hard. We had a beer and left.

On the way back to the hostel we grabbed some hummus, mousaka, and couscous. It wasn`t quite Polish food but it would have to suffice. When we arrived back at the hostel all the beds had been rented out. Amanda, once again quite wisely, found a campground on the map. We packed up our backpacks and hoofed it over there. We payed $15 for the campsite and I reflected on our day as we put up our tent.

My dziadzu and babcia survived the holocaust relying on guile, cunning, and in no small measure luck. Today the Warsaw cityscape is a mosaic of mostly new buildings with scattered remnants of pre war buildings mixed in. The Germans burned down the ghetto, walled in and full of Jews, during the Warsaw uprising. Today it is full of designer shops and fancy buildings with nouveau-rich architecture. In addition to the ghetto, the Germans shelled and burned the majority of the city. By stroke of complete luck, my dziadzu and babcia weren`t in any of these buildings. We were astonished to see pre war buildings on our visit to Polna, Wilcza, and Kruzca street all surrounded by newer buildings constructed after the destruction of their pre war inhabitants. My family is truly fortunate to be here.














Next we will go to the uprising museum then head to Lublin, the city where the Russians established the post WWII communist government and forced enlistment of my dziadzu and great uncle Edek into the medical services of the Red Army...